NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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For which condition is fluconazole the treatment of choice in HIV patients?

Cryptococcal meningitis
Candidiasis (thrush)
PJP
CMV

The correct answer is: Candidiasis (thrush)

Fluconazole is the treatment of choice for Candidiasis (thrush) in HIV patients due to its efficacy against Candida species. Candidiasis commonly affects the oral cavity and esophagus in immunocompromised individuals, including those with HIV. Fluconazole is a preferred treatment option for Candidiasis in this population because of its good oral bioavailability, safety profile, and effectiveness against Candida species. While fluconazole is an antifungal agent, it is not the first-line treatment for other infections listed in the choices. Cryptococcal meningitis is typically treated with a combination of antifungal agents, including amphotericin B and flucytosine. PJP (Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia) is commonly treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine. CMV (Cytomegalovirus) infection is managed with antiviral drugs like ganciclovir or valganciclovir.