NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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What are sharp spikes of severe pain that occur despite the use of ER opioids treated with?

  1. Naloxone

  2. NSAIDs

  3. Fast-acting pain agent or IR-opioids

  4. Antidepressants

The correct answer is: Fast-acting pain agent or IR-opioids

Sharp spikes of severe pain that occur despite the use of extended-release (ER) opioids are typically managed with fast-acting pain agents or immediate-release (IR) opioids. In this scenario, the immediate relief provided by fast-acting pain medications or IR opioids can help address the breakthrough pain effectively. Naloxone is not indicated for the treatment of breakthrough pain, but rather for opioid overdose reversal. NSAIDs and antidepressants may have their own indications in pain management, but they are generally not the first-line treatment for managing breakthrough pain in patients already on ER opioids.

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