NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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What boxed warnings are associated with HBV NRTIs?

Cardiovascular risk
Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis
CNS effects
Risk of infection

The correct answer is: Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis

The correct answer is B: Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis. Boxed warnings are the most serious warnings issued by the FDA for prescription drugs. In the case of HBV NRTIs (Hepatitis B Virus Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors), such as lamivudine and tenofovir, the boxed warning highlights the risk of lactic acidosis, which is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the blood, and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, which refers to an enlarged liver with fat accumulation. These are significant risks that healthcare providers need to be aware of when prescribing these medications to patients with HBV. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the boxed warnings associated with HBV NRTIs. Option A (Cardiovascular risk) is not a typical boxed warning associated with these medications. Option C (CNS effects) is not a common concern with HBV NRTIs. Option D (Risk of infection) is too broad and does not specifically address the known boxed warnings for HBV NRTIs.