NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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Ace your North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) with our comprehensive practice test. Features include interactive flashcards, multiple-choice questions, with detailed hints and explanations. Fast-track your pharmacy career today!

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What drug is associated with an increased risk of C. diff, fractures, and nosocomial pneumonia?

H2RAs
PPIs
NSAIDs
SSRIs

The correct answer is: PPIs

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (C. diff) due to their impact on the gastrointestinal flora. PPIs can alter the balance of bacteria in the gut, making individuals more susceptible to C. diff colonization and infection. Furthermore, PPI use has been linked to an increased risk of fractures, particularly hip, wrist, and spine fractures. Prolonged use of PPIs can lead to decreased calcium absorption, which may contribute to bone density loss and subsequent fractures. PPIs have also been associated with an increased risk of nosocomial pneumonia, especially in hospitalized patients. By reducing gastric acid secretion, PPIs can allow for the overgrowth of bacteria in the stomach, which can then be aspirated into the lungs, leading to pneumonia. Among the other options: - H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are not typically associated with an increased risk of C. diff, fractures, or nosocomial pneumonia. - NSAIDs are known to increase the risk of gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding, but they are not specifically linked to C. diff, fractures, or nosocomial pneumonia. - Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are antidepressants and are not directly associated with the risks mentioned in the question.